Rotary casting



D. S. DE LAVAUD.

` ROTARY CASTING.

APPLICATION HLED NOV.`l4, 1919.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

3 sHEEs-SHEET 2.

WMM

D. S. DE LAVAUD.

ROTARY CASTING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14, 1919.

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@17 -uw ,WMM

v INVENTOR. W pb. By M D. S. DE LAVAUD.

ROTARY CASTING.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. I4, I9I9.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

` 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATT'oRNEI/S.

PATE-NT OFFICE.

DIHITRI SENSAUD DE LAVAUD, 0F NEW'YORK, N. Y.

ROTARY oAs'riNG.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov.a2,1'921.

Application led November 14, 1919. Serial No. 338,010.l

To all w omit may concern:

-Be it g own that I, DIMITRI SnNsAUD DE LAVAUD, a\eitizen of the UnitedStates of Brazil, an Uagesident of N ew York, in the county of. haveinvented certain new and useful lmprovements in Rotary Castings, ofwhich the followingjs a s cication This invention re ates to the art ofutilizing a rotary mold for the casting of hollow metallic articles,preferably partly centrifugally; the invention being particularlyapplicable to the casting of annular articles of considerable length ascompared with their diameter.

The present invention involves a new process and a novel apparatus whichmay advantageously be process, and involves improvements on andadditional discoveries relative to, and constitutes a continuation inpart of, the original discoveries in rotary casting described in myrapplication, Serial No. 280,452, formerly copending herewith and sincematured into U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,329,295; all whereby the saidoriginal discoveries may the better be taken advantage of and theherein. indicated advantages be realized.

The invention will be more clearly linder-r stood from the followingdescription, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,showing the preferred apparatus which may be used to facilitate carryingout the process of the present invention.

In these drawings,

Figure 1 is a vertical axial sectional view of the new apparatus,certain distributer parts being shown in elevation,-and wherein thedischarge en'd of the distributer is constructed pursuant to theprinciples of Fig-72 is an enlarged top plan view of the discharge endof'a distributer constructed pursuant to the discoveries of my aforesaidapplication, Serial No. 280,452, of which this application is acontinuation,- the part of the mold shown being assumed to be rotatingin the direction of the upcoming arrow 9;

F ig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2,-the mold being assumed to berotating in the same direction as the mold of Fig. 2,--but here thedischarge end of a distributer is shown constructed pursuant to thelater discoveries of the present invention;

ew York and State of New York,

used in carrying out such Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view, showing on anenlarged scale certain ofthe parts shown in Fig. l, with very many ofthe parts of the distributer shown in section;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary View based on"- actual construction Fig. 4 andshowing the of the .discharge end of the distributer in top plan;

Fig. 6 is atransverse vertical section taken the water circulating partsomitted;

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, with theparts to the left of Fig. 1, that is, and 8, omitted; v

Fig. 10 is a transverse vertical section, taken on line 10-10`of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is an end elevation of the apparatus, looking to the left ofFig. 9;

F ig. 12 is a detail View, showing the hood and catch basin forreceiving surplus metal at theend of thev castingoperation, which partsare also shown in Figs. 1 and 9;

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 12;

Fig. 14is an enlarged detail view, partially diagrammatic, showingcertain of the parts ofFig 8;.,and

Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. .5, but showing the discharge end ofthe distributer in side elevation, and.. showingalso the action of themetal on leaving the discharge the parts shown in Figs. 7

lof the cast article.`

Comparing first Figs. 2 and 3, different forms of discharge end for thedistributer areshown. In both these constructions, as in the apparatusof Fig. 1 and Figs. 4 to 15, the mold, rotating in the direction of theupcoming arrow 9, is indicated at 45, and the distributer is indicatedat 5 4. The axial canal of the distributer of all the figures isdesignated 76,-the end piece of the distributer of Fig. -2 being marked77"L `and the end piece of the distributer of Fig. 3 and also of theother figures being marked 77. The distinction between Figs. 2 and 3resides in the indications and signiiicances of the arrows 43 and 44, aswill be described roo 'movable feeding means,

plained here that the apparatus of-my aforesaid application, Serial No.280,452, involved, like the present apparatus (described in'detailhereinbelow), the main features of a rotary mold, a metal distributerofthe spout type adapted to project inside the mold and constructed andarranged for continuously discharging molten metal inside the mold,operating means for moving the distributer and mold relativelylengthwise of the mold, the discharge or spout end of ance with theapparatus of my aforesaid application, Serial No. 280,452) is one whichin practice has given fairly good results; but results inferior to thosegiven by the use of the construction shown in Fig. 3,- as will nowappear.l

lt has just been stated that the discharge ends of the distributers ofFigs. 2 and 3 differ chiefly in thatl the molten metal is dischargedtoward the mold as indicated the arrows-43 and 44. Of course thedischarge piece 'of Fig. 3, as aresult of its direction of discharge,has a greater radius of curvature, which is advantageous; but thedistinction of main importance is that, While the stream "'charged bythe construction of Fig. 2 liesi.. a plane"perpendicular to the airisor" rotation of the mold 45, the stream discharged by the constructionof Fig. likes j in a plane -inclined relative to the perpene'ective toovercome dicular planei'lawst mentioned and also relative to thevertical plane containing the axis of rotation of the mold.A Thisconstruction of Fig. 3 as just described epitomizes one of the mostimportant features, but however notl the only feature of the presentinvention. ln this connection, it rnay be eX- plained that such newconstruction has successfully been employed tocast as good pipe as thepipe Which have apparatus disclosed in my aforesaid application, @aerialNo. 280,452, but also has been certain irregularities en the internaland external surfaces of the 'latter pipe. Of these irregularities onthe internal and external surfaces of the pipe, the former arecrustaceous or rubbled clusters of-iron oiiids or other impuritiesinterspersed with half-globular protuberances of -rarious diametersrunning up to perhaps t and .the latter are overlapping striaforrotation on been cast with theraeaoos tions of prematurely congealedmetal somewhat resembling` cold shots but actually' being verysuperficial and a fraction of a millimeter in thickness. rl`heseinternal irregularities are of course practically undesirable, asincreasing the circulation friction of the pipe when later forming partsof pipe lines, and both the internal and external irregularities arecomin rcially undesirable from the standpoint of the appearance of thepipe. By actual casting operations l have found that these internal andexternal irregularities may be always overcome if an apparatus is usedin Which the discharge end of the distiibuter is constructed pursuant tothe principles of Fig. 3j. And such a discharge end for the distributeris shown in the generally improved construction of Fig. 1, which willnow be described.

Referring, then, to Fig. 1, and all its associated igures,'the mold 45is seen mounted ball'bearings 46. These ball bearings are preferably ofthe type shown in U. S. Letters Patent to me, No. 1,302,641, to avoidjamming of the parts when the mold expands radially at a ,greater ratethan its journaling support, as Voccurs'in practice; these balllbearings having their outer races -secured to the mold and their innerraces secured to the journaling support. This support is part of ajacket construction 47 providingv an annular chamber 48 whereby the moldmay beV continuously water-cooled from end to end. At its left end themold carries an annulus 49 which forms the end Wallof the straight endof the pipe. At its right end vthe mold carries a-shaped piece 50 forforming the external surface of the bellend of the pipe Vand forremovably holding a bell-core 51 and its carrier 52.

The jacket construction 47 is supported for axial sliding movementrelative to-a base construction 53 and the distributer 54 by means offour Wheels 55 pivoted on the jacket construction and riding ori-rails5'? forming parts ofv the'base construction 53.

rlhe means for causing such sliding movement of the jacket lconstruction47, hereinafter called the mold-housing 47, comprises a cylinder 58secured to the b-ase construction 53 and having'therein an annularpiston 59 and an annular piston rod 60, the outer end of the rod beingsecured to a bracket 61 depending from the mold housing. Suitable means(not shown) are provided for at will admitting Water to the left or tothe right side of the piston to cause and control back into annularpiston rod 00 and into a conduit 62 (see tig. 9). 'The Water is fedcon-l 'L tinuously into the conduit 62 from the piston rod 60, thelatter being fed by a conduit 63 surrounded slidingly by the piston 59and the piston rod and secured at one end to base construction 53 asshown in ig. 1 and open at the other end (not shown) inside the pistonrod, so that when water is fed into said conduit 63, as indicated at 64,such water is delivered to the hollow bracket 61; irrespective of themovement or position of moldhousing 47. Conduit 62 leading away from thehollow bracket 61 communicates (see Figs. 9 and 10) with conduits 65 and65a leading to a valve 66 and thence to a short conduit 67 leading tolthe annular chamber 48 surrounding the mold. This water fills saidchamber, preferably to maintain pressure as described in U. S. LettersPatent to me, No. 1,299,918, and overflows through a drain. opening 68(Fig. 1).

The mold is also rotated by water ower, the means for the purposeincluding a elton wheel 69 fixed to the mold and operated (see Figs. 9and 11) by a nozzle 70 communicating with hollow bracket 61 by way ofconduits 71, 72, 73 and 74; the water discharging through drain-opening75 (Fig. 1).

The canal 76 of the distributer 54 runs from end to end thereof andjoins the canal in an end piece 77 acting as a dischargespout, thedistributer being fixedly mounted on the base construction at its endopposite the spout.

It will be noted that this discharge-spout isarranged to direct thestream of metal downwardly toward the mold, sidewise of the mold axisand substantially tangentially relative to the mold (as in Fig. 2), andalso in a plane at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the mold axis(this latter feature being characteristic of the construction of Fig. 3alone). As shown in Fig. l, the free end of the spout may be bent downslightly.

Still referring in the main to Fig. 1 (but see also Figs. 7 and 8), themeans for feeding metal continuously to the left end of the 'distributerincludes a reservoir 78, having also the form of substantially a 90segment of a cylinder and otherwise constructed similarly to thereservoir of the apparatus of my aforesaid application, Serial No.280,452. pivot-shaft 79 journaled at the top of side standards 80 joinedby cross-pieces 81 and 82 to which the adjacent end of the distributeris secured. The means for raising the reservoir 78 gradually is not hereof the cog type, as heretofore suggested by me (in my aforesaidapplication, Serial No.280,452) but comprises an arm 83 fixed on thepivotshaft 79 and pivoted to the free end of a piston rod 84 of ahydraulically operated piston 85working in a pivotally mounted'cylinder86. It is true that by this method of operating the reservoir, movementof piston This reservoir 78 is fixed on a` 85 at a continuous rate of seed does not tilt the reservoir at a .precise y uniform rate, since thefree end of arm 83 swings through an arc when raising and lowering thereservoir between its limits of movement. The chord of this arc beingvertical, as shown in Fig. 14, to which reference should also now behad, it follows that with the piston moving at a uniform speed, thereservoir first gradually increases its speed of tilt and then graduallydecreases such speed, in passing from one extreme position to the other;but this trouble can easily be remedied by compensatingly yshaping therefractory lining l for the curved wall of the reservoir as indicated at78 in Figs. 8 and 14.

In order to compensate, also, for any tendency of the reservoir to tiltmore and more rapidly asit is being emptied, due tothe decreasing loadon piston 85, an adjustable counterweight 87 (illustrated only in lFig10) may be provided and mounted on a bar 88 fixed to the reservoir so asto be vertically below pivot-shaft 79 when the reservoir is in itscharge receiving position as shown.

In order to facilitate the making of long pipe .(say 16 x 14"), thedistributer, since it is fixedly mounted only at one end and should havegreat rigidity from end to end, is desirably water-cooled around andbelow its canal 76; and for this purpose, may be water-cooled accordingto the water-cooling construction and rinciples described for the troughin U. S. tters Patent to me, No. 1,276,038. For the making of Dipe ofcomparatively small diameter, however, (say 12 x 4), a simpler, stifferand remarkably eflicient construction has been evolved, as shown inFigs. 4 and 6.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 6, then, such water-cooling for the distributerincludes a tubular outer member 89 slotted at its top along its lengthto provide 'for the welding or brazing in place, against the side edgesof the slot, of the upper edges of'a rectangularly bent basket 90 asshown; the basket and slot running practically the entire len h of thedistributer. The basket is prefera ly bent up from a piece of thin sheetmetal. In the basket is set a shaped member 91 (which may be unitary asshown or formed of several sections) providing the canal 76. Be-

tween' the basket 90 and the tubular outer member 89 is providedl awater-jacket chamber substantially U-shaped in cross-section. In thelower part of the chamber below the basket, a conduit 92 runs the lengthof the chamber, one end of the conduit receiving thecooling water froman inlet conduit 93 and the other end of the conduit 92 being openadjacent to the discharge end of the distributer. Outlets for thecooling water ma be provided as indicated at 94 in Fig. 6.

n order to deliver moltenmetal froml the reservoir 78 to the distributerat the high Ael.

i velocity I have found desirable, while at the same time avoiding thenecessityA for inclining the entire machine downwardly toward thedischarge end of the distributer (although for that purpose, or toincrease the effect, such inclination may be resorted to), the pouringchannel 95 of the reservoir is elevated above the receivingr end of thedistributer and a chute 96 is mounted on the distributer in position toreceive the metal discharged from the reservoir and lead the saine in anunbroken stream to enterand flow through the canal 76 at a substantiallyconstantv stream-cross-section While the mold is being rotated and movedaxially; to this end the chute being preferably of gradually decreasingwidth as it approaches the distributer.

' rii`he floorl of the chute 96 is preferably straight near its top,thereafter merging into a curve blending into a curved floor-'part ofthe canal 76 at the receiving end of the distributer, as shown in Fig.4.

In this regard, I have discovered that while lining the reservoir 7 8with refractory material is desirable as described in connection withFig. 1, entirely satisfactory results are obtained when themetal-guiding surfaces of thechute 96 and distributer 54 are of castiron, coated with ordinary blackwash or blackwasli plus an admixture ofpowdered carborundum.

Referring now to Fig. 15, let us examine the result of designing andinclining the dis'- charge-spout of the distributer as shown anddescribed in connection with Fig. 3. Now with 'the discharge-spout atthe bell-end of the mold, at thev commencement of the cast.- iiig of aipe, the mold-housing 47 is stationary, t e mold rotating in thedirection of the arrow'97. As soon as the bell'is formed, however, therelative movement between the mold-housing and the distributercommences, the piston 59 being actuated for the purpose; the feeding ofmetal of course continuing uniformly until the mold-housing has traveledfar enough in the direction of the arrow 98 to dispose thedischargespout to leftof the left end of the mold and consequently .tofinish the pipe. During this movement of the bell-end of the mold -awayfrom the discharge-spout of-the distributer, the pipe is continuouslybuilt up by the deposit of new' metal in the mold at each instantsomewhat as indicated by the dot-and-dash line 99. That is, most of themetal piles up towardthe bell-end of the pipe and away frointhedischarge-spout, which in turn means that most of the metal piles up onthe hot metal. already deposited in the pipe and so does not prematurelycongeal against the water-cooled, chill mold to form the superficialexternal striations above mentioned. Therefore the external surface ofthe pipe is4 made very smooth, almost glassy. Again, by inclining thedischargespout thus at an oblique angle to a' plane perpendicular to theaxis of the mold, theV metal is delivered in such a way that of the newmetal 100 at any instant being delivered tothe mold, the most oxidizedpart is deposited and remains on top of the just previously depositedmetal 101; the purest part of the metal stream 102, that is, the partwhich was running along the bottom of the canal 7 6 of the distributer,alone. coming in contact with the mold. Such iron oxids and otherimpurities as had entered into the constitution of the pipe, aredeposited within or on the hot metal previously deposited; and theinternal clusters ofcrustaceous or rubbled irregularities disappear. 1norder to make this point very clear, the stream 102 and the metal 100-as shown in Fig. 23 are stippled, in such a way that the more dense thestippling the more impure the metal. The half-round protuberances abovereferred to have also been found to be avoided by usingan apparatusconstructed like that of Fig. 11, the spout inclination described beinglargely responsible, since most of the latest meta-l 102 impingesagainst the hot mass of previously deposited metal 100 and whirls alongthe "latter in a spiral path of constantly decreasing diameter as theparticles of the metal 102 approach the congealing p oint. Inthis way,no doubt added to by the velocity of the stream 102, which velocity isincreased by the 'presence of chute 96, the creation of a storm offlying particles of molten, metal in the vicinity of the stream 102 ispreventedthe creation of which particles, it'has been found,beingresponsible for the half-round protuberances found on the interior ofthe' pipe when using theapparatus of Fig. 1, as these particlespartially congeal before coming to rest against the tained Whensuchvelocity is extremely high,

especially with the parts yso arranged, that, as has been discovered inpractice, the stream 102 becomes as much reduced in cross-section incomparison with the cross-section of its feeding stream running alongthe canal 76 of the distributer, as would be indicated by the relativesizes of the brokenline circles 103 and 104; the vformer indicating theapproximate cross-sectional area ofthe stream 102 and the latterindicating the approximate cross-sectional area of the; stream thecanal. Y

Hereinabove, 1n discussing and explaining lthe preferable arrangementfor water-cooling the distributer as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, it wasexplained that such water-cooling was desirable for pipes ofcomparatively small diameter, as 4; it of course being clear that thesmaller the diameter of the pipe the smaller the outside permissiblediameter of the distributer in that part of the latter within the moldat any time during the casting operation.

In order, however, to give added security to the discharge end of thedistributer when even smaller pipe is to be made, as say pipe of only 2diameter, there is provided a sup,- porting means for the end of thedistributer adjacent to the discharge-spout which is characterized bythe fact that that end of the distributer is actually supported by themold-an advantage permitted chiefly because of the construction of thedischargespout just described, resulting in the discharge of most of themetal at any instant being delivered by the discharge-spout, away fromthe discharge-spout-yet not supported by the mold in such a way as tointerfere with the constant rotation of the mold at the desired speed.In other, words, the discharge end of the distributer is in factsupported by the mold but is not in direct contact with the mold. Suchsupporting means includes a pair of collars fixed on the distributer asshown in Figs. 4 and 5, one of which collars is formed as a part of thedischarge-spout 77 and the other of which, 105, is fixed on thedistributer, said supporting means further including a loose annulus orroller 106, interposed between the two collars and adapted to revolvefreely relative to the distributer, during the entire casting operation.

Referring to Figs. 12 and 13, the following parts are provided to avoidcentrifugal dispersion beyond the bounds of the apparatus, of moltenmetal accidentally issuing from the discharge-spout, when themold-housing 47 of Figs. 1 and 9 is at the extreme limit of its travelto the right and the pipe is finished and the discharge-spout is to theleft of the left-end ofthe mold. These parts are a hood 107 permanentlybolted to the mold-housing, and a catch-basin 108 having handles 109whereby the catch-basin may be detachably suspended from dependent hooks110 fixed on the hood.

In closing this specification, it should be pointed out that thedistributer of any embodiment need not be substantially coaxial with themold, and if placed eccentric, a curved or bent discharge-spout may evenbe dispensed with since then obviously, the metal will be deliveredsidewisely of the mold-axis pursuant to the invention. Also, attentionshould be directed to the'fact that the process and apparatus of thepresent invention are not to be limited to casting where the mold is ona particular axis, as horizontal or substantially horizontal asillustrated; but, on the contrary, the invention may be carried out withthe Amold and distributer on substantially vertical axes-provided thedistributer and other parts above the discharge-spout are suitablydesigned.

I claim: i

1. The process of casting an annular metallic article in a rotary mold,which consists in laying the metal in the mold in successively depositedspirally related subdivisions while guiding the flow of the metaladjacent to the mold to cause the metal to fiow tangentially toward themold only at one side thereof at an angle to the mold axis and at anangle to a plane perpendicular to the mold axis. y

2. The process defined in claim 1, wherein such line of flow is directedtoward the end of the article to be formed at the commencement of thecasting.

3. The process defined in claim 1, wherein such line of flow is directedtoward the end of the article to be first formed and such direction offlow is maintained throughout the casting of the article.

4. The process defined in claim 1, wherein the last-mentioned angle ismore than 10 degrees.

5. The process defined in claim 3, wherein the last-mentioned angle ismore than 10 degrees. i

6. The process of casting an annular metallic article in a rotary mold,which consists in laying the metal in the mold in successively depositedspirally related subdivisions while guiding the flow of the metaladjacent to the mold to cause the metal to approach the mold in a pathat one side of the mold axis and at an oblique angle to the mold axis.

7. The process of casting an annular metallic article in a rotary moldon an axis nearer the horizontal than the vertical, which consists inlaying the metal in the mold in successively deposited spirally relatedsubdivisions while guiding the fiow of the metal adjacent to the moldto" cause the 'c metal to approach the mold in a descending pathintermediate a vertical plane containing the axis of the mold and aplane perpendicular t0 said axis.

8. The process of casting an annular metallic article in a rotary mold,which consists inV laying the metal in the mold in successivelydeposited spirally related subdivisions while guiding the metal adjacentto the mold to cause the metal to flow against the mold in asubstantially solid stream at such a speed, and at such lan inclinationof stream flow relative to the inner periphery of the mold and itsdirection of rota'tion, that the velocity of the stream as it impingesagainst the mold is great enough to insure that practically all themetal at any instant being delivered to the mold is flung against themold and travels under its own momentum with the molds inner peripheryat least until the combined eect of centrifugal force andinter-molecular friction within said metal functions to fixed relativeto previously deposited metal, which consists further during the castingof such article in continuously supplying molten metal to maintain saidflow substantially uniform at `all times, which consists further inmaintaining said supply by guiding and confining said metal in adescending preliminary iow running from a point a considerable heightabove the point where the :metal is delivered to the mold, and whichconsists further in holding said descending low to continuouslydecreasing width as it descends to maintain its cross-section uniformatall points along its length at all times during the continuous supply ofthe metal at a unitorm rate to the upper end of said descending iiow. i

9. In a rotary casting machine, the combination of a rota mold, adistributer adapted to project inside the mold and construct-v ed andarranged for continuously discharging inside the mold mol-tenmetalsupplied tothe distributer, said distributer adjacent its dischargeend portion being entirely out contact with any part of the innerperiphery of the mold, land operating means for moving ing provided anannular member sleeved rotatively on the distributer intermediate itsends and interposed between the distributer and the mold.

10. In a rotarycasting machine, the combination of a rotary mold, ,adistributer adapted `to project inside the mold and con'- structed andarranged for continuousl `discharging inside the mold lmolten meta sup-lplied to the distributer, said distributer at its discharge end havingan outlet passage at one side of the mold axis for 'discharging themetal in a stream to one side of said axis, the distributer between itsdischarge and supply ends ibeing elongated and provided with anelongated guiding l and confinin passage, and means lfor water-coolingsaid passage at all times during the casting.

11. The casting machine defined in claim 10, wherein said passage is ofuniform crossvsection from endto end,` and said, cooling lmeans isformed and arranged to cool said passage substantially uniformly fromend to en '.V Y

12. In a rotary casting machine, the combination of a rotary mold', adistributer adapted tov project inside the -mold and constructed andarranged for continuously discharging inside the mold moltenA metalsupplied to the distributer, said distributer at its discharge endhaving an outletpassage at "one side of the'mold axis for dischargingthe'metal in a stream to one side of said axis, and operating means rormoving the distribumaintain said metaly the distributer and mold`relatively lengthwise ofthe mold, there beter and mold relativelylengthwise of the mold, said "discharge passage bein in top plansubstantially at an oblique ang e to the -axis of the mold.

13. In a rotary casting machine, the com'- ,bination of a rotary mold, adistributer adapted to project'inside the'mold and constructed andarranged for continuously discharging inside the mold molten metalsupplied to the distributer, said distributer at its discharge endhaving an outlet passage `at one side of the mold axis for dischargingthe metal in a stream to one side of said axis, and operating means formoving the distributer and mold relatively lengthwise of the mold, saiddischarge passage being also so formed and arranged as to discharge themetal in a onstricted stream directed at an oblique 'angle relative to aplane transverse` of the mold axis and inclined 'toward the first-formedend of' the article to be cast.

"14. The casting machine defined in claim 12, wherein said dischargepassage is also so metal in a constricted stream directed at an obliqueangle relative to a plane transverse g to the mold axis andinclined'toward thev first-formed end-of thel article tov be cast.

'16. The casting machine defined in claim l2, wherein the distributerbetween its discharge and supply ends is elongated and provided with anelongated guiding and confining passage in the nature of 'a canal andmerging into said discharge passage, such canal being oi substantiallylthe' same 'cross-section from end to end, and wherein the distributer isalso provided with' a de-v scending supply passage for. the canal, said`discharge and supply passages and the canal being so Iinclined and,`disposed and of such cross-sections relative to each other that with4metal continuously supplied at a ni- \form rate to the upper end ofsaid supply passage the cross-section of the metal flow at thepoint ormerging of the supply passage and canal is not in excess of thecrosssection of' the canal. and the discharge passage at any point alongeither and the veloci- `[,tyof' iow yor the metal at the last-mentionedpoint is substantially thesame (that is, the same, less friction) assuch velocity at. the discharge' end of the discharge passage.

17. In a rotary casting machine, the oombination cf a rotary mold, adistributer adapted to project inside the mold and constructed andarranged for continuousl. discharginginside the mold molten meta supp'ed to the distributer, said distributer at its discharge end having anoutlet passage at one side of the mold axis for discharging the metal ina stream to one side of said axis, the discharge end of the distributerbeing so sha d and disposed relative to the shape and 'sposition of theother metal guiding arts of the distributer, and so ocated re atve tothe axis of the mold, that subdivisions of the metal in the streamdischarged beyond the distributer continuously move angularly relativeto other subdivlsions of the metal in the part of the lastmentionedstream continuously presentin itself tothe inner periphery of, the molso that the stream continuously first congeals against the mold in thatortion of the stream constituted by metal east ytheretofore subjectedtoatmospheric ex sure during the passage of the stream wit the limits ofthey distributer.

c Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 23rd day of October, A. D. 1919.

DIMITRI SEN SAUD Dn LAVAUD.

